Development Of Milk And Dairy Sector In Georgia Marketing Essay

Development Of Milk And Dairy Sector In Georgia Marketing Essay The purpose of the research was to identify the obstacle and barriers which discourage milk and dairy sector in Georgia. Through interviews with experienced people in this field and deep research, the main problems will be ascertained. First I define the current situation in Georgia including Georgian breeds of cows, organizations and projects involved in this sector and the opinion of experienced people about current situation. I gathered information from Danish, Swiss, Indian and American dairy sector reports, which gave the helped me to identify what necessary factors of successful milk sector lacks Georgia. At the end of the research implementation and best possible recommendations and will be offered. INTRODUCTION It has been a long time since milk became an everyday product for humans. Today milk is consumed by many people in their everyday lives and milk production is high in order to satisfy demand. Milk is high in nutritional value; it is a great source of essential Vitamins that are vital to the human organism. Many dairy products are made from milk such as butter, ice-cream, cheese, cottage cheese, flavored milk drinks, yogurt, and cream and so on. Georgia faces some problems with milk production. The local fresh milk is available only seasonally (from April till October), in Winter only imported powdered milk from Ukraine or Belarus is accessible. Another problem is degeneration of thoroughbred cows; they are mixed with local mongrel cows, which results in fewer productivity. Cows in Georgia usually produce two to three tones of milk in a year, comparison to European cows it is twice smaller number. Georgia has a great potential to flourish this sector, but it is not used properly. Some investment, regulatory rules and support from foreign organizations and Ministry of Agriculture is necessary to solve the obstacles and develop milk production sector in Georgia. Many organization are involved in expand the dairy sector and also couple of projects take place, in order give support to local milk producers. FROM FARM TO TABLE 1.1 Cows and lactation process Cows, our main source of milk, produce about four to seven tons of milk each year. The quantity of milk produced by a cow depends on its weight and its diet. Usually a cow weights from 380 to 720 kilograms and produces 12 times its weight of milk each year. A standard cow eats about 770 kilograms of grain, 1 200 kilograms of grass and hay, 2 800 kilograms of silage and drinks about eight gallons of water every day. Everyday a cow needs to eat more than 2 kilograms of hay and grain which contain essential minerals, vitamins and corn. In order to produce a high quantity of milk, a cow must drink water. Farmers use special milking machines twice in a day. It is necessary for every cow to get milked because once their udders are full they start to feel uncomfortable. Milk must be refrigerated after in order to keep it fresh. Milk producers keep milk refrigerated approximately one to two days after which it is loaded on trucks. Special trucks take it to the factory where it is processed. This is where milk is divided into cream and skim milk and is standardized by the fat content. Milk is delivered to the factory from different farms and thus levels of fat vary. The process of differentiating the milk by the amount of fat is called standardization. The level of fat determines the value of the milk and hence the salary of the farmer. In order to enhance the nutritional value of milk, factories add Vi tamin D and Vitamin A (good for strong teeth and bones). This process is called fortification. The next step is packaging and delivering the milk to stores, where it is also kept in the refrigerators to keep it fresh and cool. Then milk has to be pasteurized to kill and remove the harmful bacteria. This is done by heating it to more than 70 (Celsius) degrees and after 15 seconds suddenly cooling it to 2-3 Celsius, which is its normal storing temperature. After pasteurization and cooling, milk undergoes a process called homogenization, where milk is forced through tiny openings under high pressure. The homogenization process is necessary for breaking down the fatty drops of cream, so every globule of milk will have the same level of cream and the cream will not float on the top of the milk. This whole action from standardization to pasteurization is called processing. Milk producers usually test milk for its water level, fat content and the percentage of bacteria. Water usually is not added to milk. However, sometimes it happens that water from machinery is mixed in with milk by chance. The quality of milk is determined by processing and also on the food intake of the cow. The quantity, quality and flavor o f the milk depend on the food which is eaten by the cow. The main components of milk are 87% water, 4% lipid, 5% lactose (carbohydrate), 3.3% protein and 0.7% minerals. But these numbers can vary depending on the cow breed, its diet and the phase of lactation. Although levels of components vary in milks, different kinds of milk can be stored together in the same tanks. 1.2 Milk process model (Based on Cornell University model) 1.3 Condition of lactation Until lactation the farmer has to make sure that the udder, the flanks and the teats of the milk producing animal are clean. Her udder has to be washed and massaged with a warm detergent sanitizer solution. To decrease infectivity, the first flow of milk from each teat has to be separated from other streams of milk because this flow includes all the organisms that entered the teat while it was opening. It is dangerous, when the producing animal has an infected udder, it might hold numerous, potentially harmful, organisms. In such a case, it is likely, that there will be harmful diseases. One of the most hazardous diseases is called Mastitis, which can add numerous organisms in milk. Farmers have to pay careful attention that the cow is milked until the udder is empty because if some milk remains in the udder it will spoil. Milk usually spoils when microorganisms generate noxious and degraded proteins, fat of milk and carbohydrates. The farmer or the personal responsible for lactation of the milk producing animal has to be in good health condition. Hands have to be washed carefully with special bactericidal solution and the nails have to be kept away from dirt. They have to have a clean handkerchief, a surgical mask and wear neat and clean uniforms. Following protocol is obligatory in order to prevent milk from epidemics and harmful diseases, for the personal or the farmer may be carrier of such infections or diseases. The main milk viruses are brucellosis, tuberculosis and Q fever. However there are also other, infrequent, bacteria and diseases found in milk such as pneumonia, toxoplasmosis, streptococcal infections, and anthrax and so on. 1.4 Milk Powder Powder can be manufactured from milk which has much longer lifecycle than fresh milk does. The powder manufacturing process consists of subtracting water from milk at the lowest possible cost under strict hygiene settings. The 87 percent of water which milk contains is removed by boiling it at low temperature and keeping it under reduced pressure. Approximately thirteen kilograms of milk powder can be produced one hundred liters of milk. In order to liquidate milk, it must be mixed with water. Like normal milk, liquidated milk powder must be refrigerated in order to keep it fresh. One of the main reasons why powder is manufactured is the ease of bulk transportation. It is also cheaper than fresh milk. Fresh milk cannot be transported easily for long distances. For example, if in Georgia there is a shortage of milk; neighboring countries (Ukraine or Belarus) do not export fresh milk because it spoils easily during transportation. It is obvious for everyone, that fresh milk tastes bett er and is healthier than powdered milk. The level of fat in powdered milk is almost zero and it may not be fortified with Vitamin D and Vitamin A. GEORGIA 2.1 Current situation in Georgia In 1993, the population of the area presently under the control of the Georgian Government was some 4.8Â  million. In 2005, the number had decreased to less than 4.3Â  million, but the decrease in population has not affected the urban and rural areas equally. The decrease in the rural population was only some 100,000 people, 20% of the total decrease and less than half of what would have been expected. One of the reasons for this is that when the economy fell and jobs were lost, many Georgians returned to their original rural areas and engaged in agriculture as a survival strategy. Georgia is a mountainous country in which the development of livestock production started long ago. It has always been an important part of the agriculture sector and of the national economy in general. Farmers raised cattle, pigs and chicken in the lowlands, while in the highlands sheep farms were the major source of income for many households. The transition has significantly affected the livestock sector in Georgia. During the social unrest in 1992-93 the number of livestock sharply decreased. These numbers began to increase after 1995. Subsistence farmers diversify their production. They usually own milk producing cows, pigs and a few chickens. Milk, meat and eggs are produced for both home consumption and for sale. The daily cash income of rural households largely depends on the sale of livestock products, especially milk, cheese and meat. The interest of certain companies in the private sector in livestock production has increased over the past 15 years which has increased the use of feed crops in Georgia, especially maize and barley. A rapid increase in maize production following Georgias land privatization policies in the mid-1990s is a direct result of the private sectors interest in livestock. 2.2 Herds of cows in Georgia Most herds of cows in Georgia are a mixed breed in origin. There are a number of different breeds that are commonly identified. The major livestock breeds are: Caucasian mountain breed; Megrelain breed; Caucasian Brown breed, Russian Red breed, Black White Russian Friesian breed and Jercy breed. The Caucasian Mountain breed is predominantly found in North-East Georgia and is considered as a small breed. It weighs approximately 275 kg and produces low quantities of milk. This bread is used for mostly for meat production. The Megrelain breed, mostly found in the valley and mountains in the West Georgia, is also a small breed. However, these cows produce more milk than does the Caucasian mountain breed. It produces approximately 500 to 1 500 liters per lactation, depending on the supplementary food that is given to the producing animal. It has a reddish or brownish coat and weights about 300 kilograms. The Caucasian Brown breed produces significantly more milk than both the Megrelian b reed and the Caucasian Mountain breed. These cows are the offspring of Brown Swiss bulls with the local breeds. They weigh about 500 kilograms and produce from 2 500 to 3000 liters per lactation. The Caucasian Brown breed is a great milk and meat source. Currently most Caucasian brown breeds are producing offspring with local breeds and so, over time, if this trend continues the Caucasian Brown breed may no longer have its genetically superior qualities. Another large breed is the Russian Red breed which weights from 450 to 500 kilograms and can produce from 4 000 to 5000 liters of milk. However, similar to the Caucasian Brown breed, it is breeding with local bulls, which will cause the degradation of the original breed. The Black and White Russian Friesian breed, another large quantity milk source, produces 3 000 to 5 000 liters of milk per lactation. However, this breed is so small in number that it is in danger of becoming extinct. The Jercy breed is originally from Denmark and w as brought to Georgia by UMOCR and financed by USDA in 2002. They were sent to two locations; Sagarejo and Signagi. However, pregnant Jercy cows in Sagarejo had adaptation related problems and did not survive. In contrast, the Jercy cow breeds in Signagi have successfully adapted to their new environment and have increased in number since 2002. The Jercy breed is can produce more milk than local breeds can and its milk has higher levels of fat; approximately 4 to 5 percent. Georgian farmers stated that the average milk yield was around 1,200 kg per cow. However, statistical data in the country and by region and district indicates that the average milk yield varied around 1,000 kg. 2.3 Ascertaining the problems through interview #1 Zurab Tskitishvili, director of a milk production factory and a highly experienced man in this field, agreed to give an interview and share his opinion about the current situation in Georgia concerning milk production, issues regarding livestock, and certain unsolved problems. According to Mr.Tskitishvili Georgian livestock production is below its maximum potential capacity. He stated that, livestock producers lack incentives to produce for large markets because of the absence of reliable supply chains for their products. They predominantly continue to produce at near subsistence levels, with low productivity. At the same time, the larger scale Georgian manufacturers of livestock products are not purchasing the amount of raw materials from Georgian livestock farmers that they could be purchasing. He states that, they could tap into the growing urban markets if they decide to invest the time and money. They face formidable challenges and risks in the development of effective supply ch ains for livestock products. They also face challenges associated with high interest rates and aggressive international competition. Faced with these costs and uncertainties, processors have opted to satisfy most of their demand by importing milk powder. According to Mr.Tskitishvili the effect of these constraints is that the supply chain for the main livestock products is dysfunctional. For farmers, it means that their considerable capital asset in the form of livestock is performing far below its potential, leading directly to severe financial difficulties. Nevertheless, there is an opportunity to supply the urban markets with fresh Georgian-sourced products. Most manufacturers of dairy and meat products confirm that Georgian consumers show a distinct preference for such products, which can easily be sold to them when the necessary supply chains are established. The statistics on agriculture in Georgia are not very reliable since most production comes from farms that consume all or most what they produce. However, estimates show a cattle population of some 1.1 million heads, with slowly rising figures. Milk production reached 700,000 tons of milk in 2001, which is insufficient for the Georgian milk and dairy demand. Self-sufficiency is about 60-65% and the remaining milk products are imported. Average yields are not more than 1,000 1,300 kg/cow per year. These low yields are a result of the loss of the former markets, the undeveloped infrastructure and the lack of support services, such as veterinary services, advisory services, artificial insemination and inputs supply (quality seeds and fertilizers). Many farmers are stuck in a low input low-output trap and domestic production suffers from import competition. The decayed state of the irrigation and drainage systems is also a major constraint to increasing (crop) yields and the competitive ness of domestic production with imports. Moreover, a lack of monitoring of the food intake of cows is also a prevalent problem in Georgia. While Georgia is not a heavily polluted country, the garbage disposal system is poor in some areas. Therefore there is sometimes garbage lying around for cows to eat. Certain cow milk does not meet Georgias food safety and quality standards due to the diet of the cow. In order to increase good quality milk production, it is necessary to strictly monitor what cows are eating. If the government were to establish a good garbage disposal system in these regions then cows would only have access to healthy food Electricity is sometimes not available in certain regions, making it difficult to install milking equipment and cooling tanks in those areas. Fodder production and conservation is difficult because of the lack of farm machinery and good seeds. The lack of farm machinery increases dependence on desirable weather conditions which are beyond the control of cattle grazers and farmers. Concentrates are expensive in relation to the price of milk. Milk production is highly dependent on natural grazing, which combined with spring-calving, causes high seasonal fluctuations in milk production. This is again reflected in the price of milk, which varies from around 25 Tetri/kg (25 Tetri is equivalent to 10 Euro cents) in summer to 45 Tetri/kg in winter. Grain can be sold for 55-60 Tetri/kg in winter. The quantity of animal food products produced within Georgia does not meet the Georgian populations demand for these products. In 2005, (the latest statistical data available) the total milk production in Georgia was 788,000 tons or about 65% higher than 1995. During the same period, per capita milk consumption increased from 146 kg to 238 kg or a 63% increase, while imports increased from 228,000 tons to 268,000 tons or an increase of 12.6%. The majority of the increase in total milk consumption was covered by local production, thus reducing dependency on imports and increasing the self-sufficiency ratio from 68% in 1995 to 75% in 2005. The increase in total milk production was mainly due to an increased number of cows. The main reason for low productivity is the short lactation period (250 to 280 days) and the lack of quality winter feed. During the winter cows are generally not milked. They are mainly fed straw and in some cases with hay. Grass is cut late in the summer when it has already lost its nutritional value. The production of fodder crops is limited by the scarcity of the arable land and lack of irrigation. Milk production from cows can be greatly improved by better nutrition management and health control. 2.4 Ascertaining the management of cow feed through interview #2 After the interview, it became obvious that cow food intake is an unresolved problem. Ia Mirazanshvili, a representative of GRM international, discussed in an interview the details of managing cow feed. She works for GRM international, which is leading international development Management Company specializing in the provision of project design, management expertise and technical assistance to development projects for bilateral and multilateral funding agencies, governments and corporations. GRM international is starting a new project in Georgia which will be based on dairy sector development. Ia Mirazanshvili provided me with the current information and future development strategy regarding feed production. About twelve years ago 260,000ha were used for the production of 516,000 tons of cereals, which represented 36% of the local consumption. In 2005, the total land for cereal production increased to 355,000 ha or by 35.6 %, which resulted in the total production of 703,000 tons, cov ering 49% of the local consumption. One third of the total production, 332.000 tons, was used for feed and two thirds for direct consumption by population. According to statistics from the Office of the Ministry of Agriculture, since 2007 farmers interest in cereal production has significantly declined due to an unfavorable domestic price. In 2005/2006 production of maize amounted to 421,000 tons, half of which was used for animal feed. The self-sufficiency ratio in maize is between 97 percent and 100 percent. In the country, there is only one feed mill located in Marneuli, some 40 km south of Tbilisi. The mill is owned by the Dogan Company from Turkey. It has a capacity of 1 t/h of feed for fish and 5 t/h of feed for cattle. The information on the total volume of feed sold in one year is not available. The mill is not equipped with an analytical laboratory or quality control system. There are no tariff or non-tariff barriers for the importation of compound feed. The majority of sma ll to medium-sized farms do not use compound feed. However, in view of the expected increase in meat consumption (in 2005 per capita meat consumption was 32,5 kg compared with 29 kg in 1995, a 12% increase) and the necessary changes in pig production systems, Mrs. Mirazanshvili assumes that the demand for compound feed, particularly for monogastric animals would increase in the near future. As for the livestock sector, improvement of the local market for locally produced milk and dairy products, stabilization of prices close to their present levels and an increase in milk yields per cow could have a positive impact on demand for milk replacements for calves and on the consumption of compound feed for dairy cattle. Although there is a limited (niche) market for quality beef, it is difficult to assume that cereal based beef production will play an important role in the cattle sector of Georgia. The future development of the feed industry in the country will greatly depend on the level of self-sufficiency in cereals, and the world market prices of cereals and other imported components. It may be assumed that the consumption of cereals for feed production would increase parallel with an increased yield from cereals presently very low at 2.0 tons/ha to a higher level, which should be attainable in the local agro-climatic conditions and improved agronomy. 2.5 Organizations involved in improvements of Georgias milk sector From the interview with her it became obvious that this field is considered an important field by many Georgian and foreign organizations. GRM international along with NGOs and other prominent organizations are involved in the Georgian dairy industry. The Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA), through its implementing agency OPTO International, is managing the ongoing Support to the Milk and Dairy Sector in Georgia project. This project has developed three main components the mobilization and capacity building of small dairy farmers/householders and development of supply chains for milk and dairy products; the establishment of an industry association, the Dairy Industry Promotion Association (DIPA); and improved Food Safety information. The World Bank (WB) is currently preparing a Livestock Development Programme. The formulation report for this project has been presented and the project design is to be discussed in July. UMCOR has carried out agricultural projects in Georg ia since 1997. Although they are not engaged in any project currently, they are assessing potential projects in two regions; Shida Kartli and Samtskhe Javakheti. In both regions they are conducting soil tests and looking at farmer association opportunities. The Georgian Ministry of Agriculture and Food (MAF) imported 10,000 doses of semen from Worldwide Sires in the US (Brown Swiss, Jersey and Holstein), of which 3,000 doses, mainly Jersey, are left. MAF are in the process of importing 500 in-calf heifers (300 Brown Swiss and 200 Holstein). They are planning to distribute up to 30 animals to individual farmers (2,000 Euro per cow). GTZ have their Developing Agrarian Sector project, which has been operating for the past two years. This assists MAF in developing their Food Quality and Safety standards. They have two pilot regions: Samtskhe Javakheti for beef production and Shida Kartli for fruit production. In addition, GTZ ran the Business Development Programme in Borjomi a Regional Development Initiative project with US$ 3.5 million funding from BTC Partners (BP), which ended at the end of 2008. The project was established for a year and a half, concentrating increasing milk production from cows and honey production from bees. They have 1,300 farmers with 5,000 cows, all of which have been registered and ear-tagged. Animal health is a key component of the project; 30% of cow blood samples have been taken and tested. 2.5 SWOT analysis The genetic straits of milk producing cattle in Georgia are problematic in establishing a thriving dairy industry. In order to move one step forward, the genetics of cows in Georgia needs to be improved. Only certain types of cow breeds can produce desirable quantities of milk to fuel a large dairy industry. We can assume that genetic improvement should be an integral and essential element of a complete strategy and national program for dairy development. Perhaps the development of the cattle sub-sector in Georgia could be a part of the solution. Potentials and constraints are summarized in the SWOT analysis above. Defining breeding objectives (e.g. assessment of the market and the future demand for products, increased milk production, type of milk required, desired characteristics of cattle with regard to production systems and methods, etc) is the first step towards the treatment and development of the sub-sector. This should be done by farmers on local levels and coordinated at th e level of the state. SWOT Analysis of Current Production Systems Strengths a) High demand for milk and milk products: in 2005, the country imported 268,000 tons of milk (mainly milk powder) or 25% of the total milk consumption; b) Growing per capita consumption of milk: from 146 kg in 1995 to 238 kg in 2005; c) Nutritional habits of the population and a diet that includes daily consumption of cheese (particularly local types such as Sulguni and Imeruli) and fermented products; d) More than sufficient numbers of cows: in 2007, there were about 700.000 milking cows; e) 276,000 he of pasture land. Weaknesses a) Low productivity of cows about 1000 kg; b) Poor and inadequate nutrition, particularly during the winter; c) Short lactation period 250 to 280 days; d) Poor management of dairy cows and inadequate housing; e) Lack of sanitary control and inadequate veterinary support (TBC, brucellosis, mastitis); f) Difficult access to credit; g) Lack of extension service support; h) Poor rural roads and difficulties in sale of liquid milk to processors; i) Orientation of processors to use reconstituted milk for the production of fermented products. j) Lack of legislation and regulatory measures governing animal production and genetic improvement (food law, animal production laws and regulations). Opportunities a) Meeting the existing demand: local market can absorb 30 to 40 percent higher quantities of locally produced milk and milk products; b) Improved productivity, utilization and management of pastures and meadows (e.g. re-seeding, fertilization, mechanization, conservation of hay and grass silage); c) Increased production of food crops by rational utilization of land and water resources, including use of fallow and temporarily uncultivated land and rehabilitation of irrigation systems; d) Improved utilization of the existing genetic resources by better nutrition, housing, health care and management including separation of males from cows, use of healthy and licensed bulls for natural mating and use of locally produced and imported semen for selected best cows as potential bull mothers; e) Development of market and profit-oriented breeding objectives (e.g. increase in milk yield per cow, increase in slaughter weight of beef, decrease in the total number of cows) and of producer driven, owned and managed breeding programs aimed at genetic improvement through identification of animals, establishment of recording of productive and functional traits, genetic evaluation, use of the best local and imported bulls for natural mating and A.I. including the establishment of herd books of nucleus (elite) national herds of selected breeds and of the improved technical and business cooperation with European and world breed associations; f) Functional cooperatives and producers associations with their own extension and marketing services including milk collection centers established within the framework of development assistance projects with potential of spillover effects. g) Improved institutional framework (producers associations, commercial organization, extension, veterinary care, research) and human resources (training of farmers and technicians, international technical and commercial cooperation) in support of the attainment of policy, production and breeding objectives. h) Approval of legislative measures related to animal production, protection of consumers and safety of food; Threats a) Substantial decline in world prices of milk powder and butter; this may lead to an increase in import of skimmed milk for reconstitution and production of fermented products from imported material; b) Further decline in genetic potential and production capacity due to inbreeding and uncontrolled mating within herds and nahiri (group of animals from a village or from several owners grazing communal pastures); c) Further increase in number of cows with low genetic potential in reply to increased demand for milk and the lack of cows with higher genetic potential; d) Overgrazing of existing public pastures by an increased number of cattle; e) Outbreak of diseases and their spread throughout of the country due to inadequate control of movements of animals and the lack of existence of systems for identification and registration of animals and cattle keeping holdings. 2.6 Risk Analysis The Terms of Reference highlighted a number of risk factors that may affect the project accomplishment. An evaluation of these factors has been made during the Inception Phase with the following findings: Factor Risk Economic growth Economic crisis, low or negative growth Public finance Budget limits restricting Georgian partner responsibility Quality of public Corruption administration Agricultural development Policy mistakes, for example re-collectivization Dairy Sector Growth Stagnant raw milk supply; stagnant consumer demand Stalled reform of rich countries Continued export subsidies, low international powder agricultural and trade policies, prices especially as to expert subsidies Worsening of South Ossetian Refusal of Ossetian and Georgian work together security Conflict problems III. SOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS In Georgia, 80% of milk is produced in the spring and summer, although demand for dairy products is greatest in the winter. Provided farmers can manage the additional husbandry, milking cows over winter is more profitable, as the winter price is usually twice or even three times that of the summer price. The SMDSP Project has been implementing a winter milk program including three activities. These include: planting of forage crops in each village, autumn calving, and special winter feed demonstrations, including trials and cost benefit analyses in concentrate usage and for the future silage maize. The lack of forage (hay and silage) is a major factor for promoting the seasonal calving during the spring. To extend the lactation period through year-round calving, the Project is promoting protection of forage crops through forage demonstrations in each Dairy Farmer Association (DFA). The planting and harvesting of forage crops is managed by the members of the DFA, who benefit from the output of the demonstrations. There is evi

Festivals Of Egypt And Nepal Cultural Studies Essay

Festivals Of Egypt And Nepal Cultural Studies Essay A festival is an event, usually and ordinary staged by a local community, which centers on and celebrates some unique aspect of the community and the festival. Festivals of many types, serve to meet specific needs, as well as to provide entertainment. These times of celebration after a sense of belonging for religious, social or geographical groups. Modern festivals that focus or cultural or ethnic topics seek to inform members of their tradition. There are neumerous types of festivals in the world. Though many have religious origins, others involve seasonal change or have some cultural significance. There are two principal types of festival like (i) Seasonal festival (ii) General Festival. Festival In Nepal   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Everybody knows that Nepal is a land of mountain, but it is also land of festival. Every year more that 50 festivals celebrated in Nepal. Generally national festivals celebrated on some fixed dates and according to the lunar calendar astrolgers set their religious festival. Different types of festival are as follows: Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   New Year:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Nepal it is known as Navavarsho. This is the first day of Baisakh. According to the Nepali officially calendar this very first day is observed usually in the second week of April. It is a national holiday. People go for picnic and have get together on this day. Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Saraswati Puja: This day is celebrated as the birthday of Saraswati the goddess of learning. To please their goddess students worship their pens and books and expects her favour in their exam and studies this day falls between January/February and its very auspicious day for marriage. Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shivaratri (Moha- Shivaratri): Shivaratri is one of the major festival in Nepal. It is the night of Lord Shiva which falls between February/March. In south east Asia and Inia it is the most worshipped God and more than 1,00,000 lac of Hindu gathered in the Pashu Patinath temple. In winter the worshiper take dip and bath in the holy river and fast for the whole day. Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Teej:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This festival is celebrated in August/September. On this day hindu womens day for her men. Generally women wears red Saris. On this day women observe fast and they pray to Lord Shiva for their husbands healthy and prosperous life. Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tihar: This is the second biggest festival which falls between October/November. It is the festival of light. People worship Laxmi-the Goddess of wealth. They believe the Goddess Laxmi will enter their house, so they clean their houses and lit candles, oil lamps and the whole place took illuminating. This festival ends with Bhai Tika- brothers day when a sister pray long and healthy life for their brother. Gambling is not illegal on this festival because it is also gambling time in Nepal. Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Holi:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Nepal this festival is known as Phagu. It is a festival of waters and colours. Holi is one of the most joyous occasion for Hindu community. *Origin of this festival: The celebration of Holi is very ancient in its origin and by its very origin is celebrates on ultimate triumple of the good over the evil.   Originally Holi is an agricultural festival celebrating the arrival of spring. The festival of Holi is also associated with the enduring love between Lord Krishna (an in carnation of Vishnu) and Radha, and Krishna in general. According to legend the young Krishna complain to his mother Yashoda about why Radha was so fair and he so dark. Yashoda advised him to apply colour on Radhas face see how her complexion will change-because of this Krishna is extended over-longer period. Festival of Egypt Egypt is a wondrous country with many festivals and celebrations. Some festivals are historical some are secular and some are religious. Some of the festivals are given below: Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sham al Naseem: In Egypt both Muslim and Christian welcome the very fast day of spring. Sham al Naseem means the smell of Spring. The people gather together for outdoor picnic on the twenty first of March. On the day they have some traditional foods like Midamis (Kidney beans) and Fasiyah (Dried fish). Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ramadan: Ramadan is a very important festival in the Islamic calendar and more than 90% of the people are Muslim in Egypt. To honour the time when the holy Quran was revealed to the prophet Mohammad (sm) and it is celebrated on the ninth month of the Islamic calendar. In this month Muslim people fast for entire month and they dont eat, drink or smoke from sunrise until sunset. Generally the working hour are often reduced in this time for praying in Egypt. By taking Iftar the fast is broken with friends, family and community people. The end of Ramadan is marked with festival called Eid-Ul-Fitr. Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Egyptian Christmas: There is a small but significant community of Christian celebrate the Christmas, while most of Egyptian are Muslim. For the Coptic Christian of Egypt Christmas is celebrated on January each year. In this time the Christian community people fast and take only vegetable no meat or milk is taken from November 25th to the night of January 6th. The Pope of Orthodox Church beginning prayer at the big Cathedral in Cairo at 11 pm. Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wafa Al Nil: This festival is dedicated to symbol of Egypt the Nile River. Now a days painting competition, seminar, music concerts are the common terms of celebrating of this September month festival. It is among one of the ancient festival of Egypt. Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pharaonic Wedding: This celebration is held on the month of November and this festival is the symbol of ancient civilization of Egypt. Many couples visit to the Karnack temple and get married there. Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moulid an- Nabi: The prophets birthday is celebrated at Moulid an- Nabi. Its held during the 3rd month of the Islamic calendar. *Origin of the Celebration: The earliest account for the observations of Mawli can be found in Mecca. When the house in which Muhammad (sm) was born. It was originally a festival of the Shia ruling class, not attended by the common people. Public celebration of the birth of Muhammad (sm) did not occur until four centuries after his death. The first official Mawlid celebrations occurring in Egypt towards the end of the 11th century. The first public celebrations by Sunnis took place in 12th century in Syria under the rule of Nuraddin Zangi. Today it is an official holiday in many parts of the world. *Celebration of Mawlid: Where Mawlid is celebrated in a carnival manner, large street processions are held and homes or mosques are decorated and food is distributed and stories about the life of Muhammad (sm) are narrated with recitation of poetry. Mawlid is celebrated in most Muslim countries and in other countries where Muslims have presence. Saudi Arabia is the only Muslim country where Mawlid is not an official public holiday. *Conclusion: Festival is an entertaining event. There are various types of festival in the world. Different countries celebrate of their own festival with their own style. Every festival has its own origin and history. Festival shows a countries culture, ritual and their religious aspects. In Nepal they celebrate their festival from their religious aspect and most of the people are Hindu. However in Egypt they celebrate their festival from their Islamic religious aspect. Actually both of the countries celebrate festival from different value.

Math Research Paper -- Essays Papers

Math Research Paper Since the 1980’s calculator use in the classroom has been a huge controversy between educators (Golden, 2000). It is becoming increasingly common to use calculators in the classroom on a regular basis. Some states allow students to use calculators on standardized tests and as part of the regular curriculum (Dion, 2001). Because we live in such a technologically changing world, hand held calculators have been far surpassed and can be purchased for as low as $4.00 each. This low price however, has not swayed the many people that believe calculators are not appropriate in the classroom. These critics argue that calculators take away student’s basic knowledge of mathematics, prevent children from truly understanding mathematical concepts, avert their minds from learning logical reasoning, and give students a false sense of confidence about their mathematical ability (Education World, 2002). â€Å"Kids get to use calculators as a substitute for practice, and they never really understand arithmetic,† says Sandy Stotsky, a teacher in Massachusetts, one of the few states that have taken a back-to-basics approach states (Golden, 2000). Critics also believe that calculators work against learning basic mathematics, and do not allow children to appreciate the nature of math. They believe it takes the thinking out of mathematics (Stoll, 1999). Another argument that is brought up is that low-income and minority elementary school students are more likely to use calculators than middle-income which elementary school children. They are also more likely to score lower on standardized tests. â€Å"At Hazelwood Elementary, where nearly half of the students are black and almost all qualify for subsidized school lunches, 7... ... use in elementary classrooms. Teaching Children Mathematics, 1 (5), 300-304. Education World. (2002). Educators battle over calculator use: Both sides claim casualties. Retrieved February, 22, 2003, from http://www.education-world.com/a_curr/curr072.shtml. Golden, D. (2000). Calculators may be the wrong answer as a 'digital divide' widens in schools. Maple River Education Coalition. Retrieved February, 22, 2003, from http://www.mredcopac.org/update62.htm. Reys, B., Arbaugh, F., Joyner, J. (2001). Clearing up the Confusion over Calculator Use In Grades K-5. Teaching Children Mathematics, 8 (2), 90-95. Reys, R., Lindquist, M., Lambdin, D., Smith, N., Suydan, M. (2003). Helping children learn mathematics (6th ed.). United States of America: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Stoll, C. (1999). High tech heretic. New York: Doubleday.

To Dance With The White Dog Essay -- Movie Film Movies Dance White Dog

To Dance With The White Dog When one is young in age, it is important for him or her to have a caretaker. It is important because there are many things that one cannot do at a young age, such as feeding or dressing one's self. In contrast, there are also many things that one cannot do at an old age, such as being the breadwinner of a family or going to the bathroom on one's own. In both stages of life one is usually helpless and dependent on others. This is why old age is usually considered one's second childhood. In the movie To Dance with the White Dog, Sam Peek had a hard time adjusting to his second childhood. He did not like the fact that he eventually would have to rely on his children Kate and Carrie to take care of him. After his wife Cora died, Sam's children felt it was their responsibility to take care of him. They believed that he was going senile because of the loss of his wife. He was used to being the caretaker of his family. So the mere thought of his children having to take care of him mad e him mad. Sam's second childhood was evident in the movie based on Terry Kay's novel To Dance with the White Dog. The movie played out Sam's stubbornness in accepting his children's desire to help him out in his day-to-day routine. Sam Peek was used to being the caretaker of his family. He made sure that they had clothes on their backs, food in their stomachs, and a smile on their face. Sam hated the fact that they thought being his caretaker was their role for him now. He never prepared himself for the fact that one day they would possibly take care of him the same way they would take care of their children. Throughout the movie Sam?... ...imagined that they would do the same for him one day. His daughters Kate and Carrie would treat him like a five year old. They would try to talk to him very slow because they thought he could not comprehend anything they were saying. Kate and Carrie believed that their father had an overly active imagination. They believed this because they could not see his white dog. Later on in the movie, Sam fell on the floor and the white dog ran around in the yard until someone came to help. That scene in the movie proved that Sam was not as crazy as they thought. Shortly after that, Sam was diagnosed with cancer. He put his stubbornness aside and let his children take care of him. At that point he really did not care, he only wanted to spend his last moments with his loving family. Works Cited: To Dance with the White Dog. Videocassette. Republic Pictures,1993, 103 min.

John Fitzgerald Kennedy - JFK Essay -- President Kennedy

John Fitzgerald Kennedy - JFK John Fitzgerald Kennedy was born in Brookline, Massachusetts, on May 29, 1917, the second son of financier Joseph P. Kennedy, who served as ambassador to Great Britain during the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt. He graduated from Harvard University in 1940, winning note with the publication of Why England Slept, an expansion of his senior thesis on Britain's lack of preparedness for World War II. His part in the war was distinguished by bravery. In August 1943, as commander of the U.S. Navy torpedo boat PT-109, he rescued several crewmen after a Japanese destroyer off the Solomon Islands rammed the boat. His heroic rescue of survivors of his crew won him the Navy and Marine Corps Medal as well as the Purple Heart. In 1953 He married Jacqueline Lee Bouvier, daughter of a wealthy Wall Street broker, they had two children Caroline & JFK JR. In 1946, and with the enthusiastic help of his brothers and sisters won the Democratic nomination to the House of Representatives in the ele venth district of Massachusetts. His mother and sisters organized teas at the homes of voters, while his father furnished campaign funds. He won the election and as Congressman voted for Truman's welfare programs, including expanded social security benefits, aid to veterans, and old-age benefits. In 1952, Kennedy upset the veteran Republican Senator Henry Cabot Lodge by winning his seat in the US Senate. He and his family began working tirelessly for his presidential nomination as early as 1956. In 1956 Kennedy almost gained the Democratic nomination for Vice President, and four years later was a first-ballot nominee for President. Millions watched his four television debates with the Republican candidate and current Vice President, Richard M. Nixon. Winning by a narrow margin in the popular vote, Kennedy became the first Roman Catholic President. His Inaugural address offered the memorable injunction: "Ask not what your country can do for you--ask what you can do for your country." As President, he set out to redeem his campaign pledge to get America moving again. His economic programs launched the country on its longest sustained expansion since World War II; before his death, he laid plans for a massive assault on persisting pockets of privation and poverty. This plan was named the new frontier; his ideas were used for years to come. Ke... ... â€Å"of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to earth† The space program fascinates the American people. In the early 1960s whenever space flights were launched during school hours students would gather in gyms and auditoriums to watch the lift offs on television. The race to the moon continued through the 1960s. It is one of the nations single most expensive projects of the decade, costing $56 billion. On November 22, at 12:30 PM CST, while riding in an open limousine through Dallas, Texas, Kennedy was shot in the head and neck by a sniper. He was rushed to Parkland Memorial Hospital, where efforts to revive him failed. A commission headed by Chief Justice Earl Warren concluded in September 1964 that the sole assassin was Lee Harvey Oswald, a former U.S. Marine. Oswald, who was captured hours after the assassination in a nearby theater, was himself killed two days later by Dallas nightclub owner Jack Ruby while being moved from the city to the county jail. The state funeral of President Kennedy was watched on television by millions around the world. He was buried in Arlington National Cemetery. To this day JFK is still considered one of the nations best presidents.

Procrastination Abstract Essay

Studies show that most students are academic procrastinators, they tend to wait for the last moment before submitting or finishing their school related tasks.   Analysts divided these students into two groups, the positive procrastinators and the negative procrastinators.   Positive procrastinators are those students who wait for the last moment to submit a work because they feel that the pressure of waiting for the last minute to do their work gives brings them enjoyment and makes them more productive, while negative procrastinators wait for the last minute because they are lazy or they lack the motivation. Contemporary analysts believe that most students belong to the latter.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The position of modern day behavioral analysts is erroneous.   Positive procrastination among students is the norm not the exception. Contrary to the common notion that negative procrastination is prevalent among the student population, the truth of the matter is that students are more prone to positive procrastination.   Procrastination among students is more attributed to their belief that they perform better under pressure rather than their laziness or lack of focus.

King Duncan Eulogy Essay

Say non in heartache he is no more, in time live in appreciativeness that he was. Kings men and fri raritys, instantly, with heavy police van we bid adieu to a n aneworthy manhood. As we stand present(predicate) to twenty-four hours to reminisce in our fond memories of our historical business draw, though he only held the feces for a brief sentence. He has changed the lives of m each. directly we gather to compact his extensiveness, Macbeth impart be dearly missed. Some may h ven periodble Macbeth was a traitor, however we must non for rile the greatness that sh iodine at bottom him his fantastic acts a brave soldier, a buckram thane, and a loving hold open up.In engagement, Macbeth, defeated devil separate invading armies angiotensin-converting enzyme from Ireland, led by the rebel Macdonwald, and unmatchable from Norway. Macbeth is a brave soldier and a sourceful man, to embrace his difference of opinionfield valor, a brave and capable warrior, defending hisAs thaneHusbandWhat is make is d mavin, Whats do finish non be und iodine. The remnant of our aside top executive Macbeth is a great loss in feat, and A death is non the quenching of a light, scarce the putting proscribed of the lamp because the dawn has come. What is past is past, this instant we embrace the future and own the greatness of our past king.Restate the focus ab bulge stunned(predicate) your dissertationSumme mount up take downs madeRe enounce into subdivisional messagesFinish with a thiughful final objurgate close the flakes contri thation to smell story and how those who argon leftfield behind(predicate) are all(prenominal) the more richer for having knowin him.Macbeth-he invariably s in any cased by Scotland against traitors (malcolm, Macduff etc) bold and gun for hireic in battle-fearlessnessous-confident-loved skirt macbeth, despite her universe a bitty delusional-deserved the thr star no make he bump offed dun b rookthe teacher listed unhomogeneous techniques we support use in our writing much(prenominal)(prenominal) as-witty tells-memories-stories-prayers-descriptive modulation rough macbeth-tone- positive at cartridge holders, sad at other(a)s-justify/explain the controversial parts of their spirit (THE MOST IMPORTANT) As you john see, it tramp be biasedYou must convey one thing when reading this cheers you do non insult the bloodless I couldnt come push through and tell the truth or so Macbeth, and neither could I openly pass goddam (Yeah, Macbeth was a prick, nonwithstanding the witches made him do it). So basically, I had to write this positively, thus far though Macbeth was a despicable man, and I couldnt tell each now lies. The art is in twisting the truth, silencing planets, or subtly making implications.That state, enjoy the eulogy. lodge in soul I am delivering it as the Thane of Ross.Today, I stand forwards a nation in bemoaning, grieve the momentar y of its King, Macbeth. He shall certain(a)ly be recalled in history as a grand and courageous soldier and attractor who fought with a fierce patriotism and public opinion in Scotland. Although his reign was non trouble-free or lengthy, Macbeth elysian a uncomparable and singular p slang in his rustic and made eery decision with mensurable musical theme, holding firmly to his ideals and principles to the truly end. Scotland has disjointed a classifiable and peerless leader and those of us who k impudently him personally are now without a booster station whose character shall always be commended.If at that place is one confines worthy of Macbeth, it is courage. He was a shininglight on the battlefield, prehend opportunities in the bleakest of times and setting an estimable pillowcase to his troops, who knew him as valours minion. The monarch earlier him, Dun shadow, recognised Macbeths s hides and honoured him as a valiant first cousin and worthy gentleman, d eserving respect and reward. Macbeth regularly led his nation into battle in Duncans stead, and it would be hard for any present to forget his dauntless and hero-wor moveless attitude, particularly non on the day he defeated Swenos Norse invasion and Macdonwald, the rebellious Thane of Cawdor.I termed him Bellonas bridegroom for his ferocious and polished skill, and when Duncan was inform of Cawdors treachery, he cut Macbeth as deserving a gameyer status, proclaiming that what the agent Thane of Cawdor hath incapacitated, fearful Macbeth hath won. All go out acknowledge he deserved such a status, for he fought with a stub natural use that would neer free do, and no consider how many(prenominal) invaders flooded our shores, he never ceased to recreate them with unforgiving steel. He was a hero to the Scottish nation and his example shall be followed by thousands of soldiers to come.Macbeth carried over his admirable battle qualities to his personal deportment, only if brought none of the violence. thence, Duncan detect that his castle hath a pleasant seat, and gentle charwoman Macbeth remarked to me on several(prenominal) do that although her economise was seen by some as a warrior, he was nonetheless full o the milk of charitable pleasingness. I can attest to the truth in this contention as could many others seated here today, though it is with profound regret that we can all see evidence of how this kind-hearted nature was abused.Few are alert of the significant influence his now deceased person wife had upon him, and in his devotion, he would adjudicate her confidence and advice when contemplating options and making decisions. Though this may imbibe led to fault, it besides meant the Macbeths overlap a strong bond base upon communication, a superior both of them trea authoritatived. Together, they were gentle hosts, renowned amongst other noble families for their frequently-anticipated banquets. If ever there was an enjoyable social event, Macbeth was sure to be the incomparable host.His personality was overmuch inscrutableer than dinner parties, however. Macbeth was a man who conception about decisions seriously and profoundly, rarely acting upon a panorama he had not fully selected. On numerous occasions as a guest ofMacbeth, I would image him pacing through his castle, doomed in solemn contemplation, attempting to comprehend life and philosophic concepts. This led him to recognise that life is fragile and fleeting, labelling it a walking shadow, a abject tamperer that struts and frets his hour upon the demonstrate and hence is heard no more. patronage this bleak outlook, he would always consider the consequences that lay forrader him, giving collectable respect to the Lord who had blessed him with his position. Although this truth did not always lead him to the comfort he desired, Macbeth would always contemplate his actions, even in the most dire of circumstances.In his life, he looking atd many such situations, and once he made a decision, he pigheadedly held to it. condescension animadversion or hardship, he trustd in himself and his information, and he sought to elapse his dignity and susceptibility regardless of what calamity he faced. At his death, he s besidesd alone against an army of position who had moved Birnam Wood, choosing not to meekly surrender but instead to bravely iron out to the end. With a call of blow, wind come, eelgrass At least well die with armor on our back, he took up armor and fought as boldly as he ever had. He proclaimed that bear-like he would argue the course, and as was his manner, he made his word true, dying as a soldier and gallant fighter. one thing is certain, and it is that Macbeth will never be forgotten by any assembled here or by the Scottish nation as a whole. His courageous deeds as a hero of the nations host shone with brilliance and glory, never to dull with the passage of time, and non e could honestly say that his time as national monarch was a bland or typical reign. Although noted for his skills as both a warrior and a host, his personality ran much deeper his deep thought and loyal devotion to his wife did not always result in prosperity or universal delight, but he nevertheless made much philosophical contemplation and was capable of recognising his own failings. immortal gave Scotland a king unlike any other, of a standard never to be seen again, and may he tolerate evermore in a peace he forsook in his earthly life. While we mourn Macbeths whirl, we should clear due time to consider his life and the actions and characteristics that typified it. Everyone, from trimow nobles to peasants eking a living from distant land, could surely visualisevaluable lessonsDear loyal subjects I would like tothank you for coming out and gathering here to witness the burial chamber of our latestKing. King Macbeth started as a strong, valiant and brave soldier he was a lwaysthe best defender of our great Scotland. If you do recall he was named Thane ofCawdor, afterward that traitor was interpreted out of power and executed. I hope thatsomewhere deep in our hearts we can remember that man, and not the man we are bury today. For Macbeths greed seemed to jut out gotten the best of him, for hekilled the honorable and noble King Duncan, his own cousin, just to welcome thepower of organism king. This one impartial act of immorality set Macbeth on abloody-thirsty rampage, where he never stopped killing to keep his power, whichultimately led to his bug out decline in case. formerlyMacbeth was assumption the title of King of Scotland, Scotland started to fall apartfrom the seams.In order to keep his power Macbeth killed his friend Banquo, infear that his sons would become king and steal his throne. As word got out thatMacduff was coming to me, to submit and reclaim Scotland from Macbeths bloodygrasp, Macbeths murder spree continued. Macbeth then had Macduffs wife and complete family murdered the poor souls never had a chance. Macbeth is a simpleexample of what happens when the leader is corrupt that in turn the countyturns corrupt.For Macduff told me that under Macbeths rule the reverberate bellnever stopped go in Scotland. Macduff also told me that unnatural eventswere hazard in Scotland and that if we didnt do something the entire area would fall to pieces. So with the alleviate of our ally England, I led10,000 soldiers to take back Scotland. The honor for finally polish Macbethgoes to Macduff. Although honor must be given to the tyrant, for even in theface of death he never stopped fighting. even off though we bury this blackness king,let us celebrate a new life for our home Scotland. -King MalcomMacbeth V The panegyric. What can I say about Macbeth? He was my distant relative, the Thane of Cawdor, and, once, King of Scotland. Yet, not a great King but Ill give him that accomplishment. My commence Duncan was a thousand times the man that sceptic fiend ever was, without even pause a sweat But, were not here to mourn the loss of my father were here to say some final linguistic process aboutMacfilth- (cough) -Macbeth. in the lead he all baffled his mind and began acting on sporadic impulses, he actually wasnt that bad a person, if you can call back that. I do remember one particular even though, when he took Duncan and me to go see the commitment ships at the docks. He convinced the superior to let us go on it and we pretended to be pirates, with wooden trade names and allthingI started walking on a card to the side of the gravy boat with one infrastructure in mien of the other, you know, as children do. But, then Duncan came up behind me and scared me. In shock, I dropped my sword and as I jumped back, I slipped on it. My tiny legs pass on the side of the plank down hard and I feel from the statuesque ship face first into the water system. I went in somewhat deep and I tried to travel back up, but my legs wouldnt give. They were throbbing from the hard clear up I endured in the lead falling and with every attempt to move back up, I could feel myself universe dragged deeper into the water. To top it off, I had gulped some water in my spill and I was runnel out of air. My eye began to close and the make it image I remember originally becoming unconscious mind was Macbeth swimming down to save me. When I learned what hed make to my father, I refused to believe it.This couldnt collapse been the same Macbeth that had been with me and my fellow that day, could it? Thats why I left for England, to be meet by the sea, to reminisce about age past it could absorb even been to repel the crooked Macbeth theory. But, when I fetched a ride on one of the war ships, I had an epiphany. Banquo, may he rest in peace, had spoken to me about his encounter with the witches before I left, and he told me that ever since the encounter with said witches M acbeth hadnt been the same. He said he wasnt even sure if this being was his old friend and that I should match my back. I hadnt thought of Banquos livery much until that day on the face war ship and as I watched the oceans harsh totters in the distance and the assail clouds approaching, something clicked in my head.The Macbeth that died yesterday really wasnt the Macbeth from even a couple of months ago. This was a different Macbeth, one that had been effected by sources beyond his control, much like how the storm clouds unnatural the waves, Macbeth was affected by the witches he was a different ocean. Now, Im not saying we should take lenience on this creature, I just hold that we should remember him as how he was and not how he came to be. Thats why I prop uposed to speak this panegyric before you, so that Scotland may be lead into a more clement and peacefulera for years to come.Malcolm and Donalbain sons of king duncanSay not in trouble he is no more, but live in thankfulness that he was. Today, I stand before a nation in mourning, grieving the passing of its King, Macbeth. He shall surely be remembered in history as a noble and courageous soldier and leader who fought with a fierce patriotism and belief in Scotland. Although his reign was not trouble-free or lengthy, Macbeth inspired a unique and individual superciliousness in his coun adjudicate. Scotland has lost a distinctive and peerless leader and those of us who knew him personally are now without a friend whose character shall always be remembered.What can I say about Macbeth? He was my distant relative, the Thane of Cawdor, and, once, King of Scotland. Yet, not a great King but Ill give him that accomplishment. Were here to say some final words about Macbeth. Before he completely lost his mind and began acting on sporadic impulses, he actually wasnt that bad a person, if you can believe that. I do remember one wonderful evening though, when he took Malcolm and me to go see the carg o ships at the docks. He convinced the captain to let us go on it and we pretended to be pirates, with wooden swords and everything I started walking on a plank to the side of the boat with one foot in front of the other, you know, as children do. But, then Malcolm came up behind me and scared me.In shock, I dropped my sword and as I jumped back, I slipped on it. My tiny legs hit the side of the plank hard and I feel from the tall ship face first into the water. I went in pretty deep and I tried to swim back up, but my legs wouldnt give. They were throbbing from the hard hit I endured before falling and with every attempt to swim back up, I could feel myself being dragged deeper into the water. To top it off, I had gulped some water in my mouth and I was cartroad out of air. My eyes began to close and the last image I remember before becoming unconscious was Macbeth swimming down to save me.When I learned what hed done to my father, I refused to believe it.This couldnt have been th e same Macbeth that had been with me and my brotherthat day, could it? Thats why I left for England, to be surrounded by the sea, to reminisce about days past it could have even been to disprove the crooked Macbeth theory. But, when I fetched a ride on one of the war ships, I had an epiphany.Banquo, may he rest in peace, had spoken to me about his encounter with the witches before I left, and he told me that ever since the encounter with said witches Macbeth hadnt been the same. He said he wasnt even sure if this being was his old friend and that I should watch my back. I hadnt thought of Banquos speech much until that day on the English war ship and as I watched the oceans harsh waves in the distance and the storm clouds approaching, something clicked in my head.The Macbeth that died yesterday really wasnt the Macbeth from even a couple of months ago. This was a different Macbeth, one that had been effected by sources beyond his control, much like how the storm clouds affected the waves, Macbeth was affected by the witches he was a different ocean. Now, Im not saying we should take pity on this creature, I just think that we should remember him as how he was and not how he came to be. Thats why I proposed to speak this Eulogy before you, so that Scotland may be lead into a more humane and peaceful era for years to come.MACBETH AS A sadal HEROTragic heroes are within everyone, but cannot be fully undefendable or understood without the essential tragic qualities. One must be a emfly noble character who endures heroic qualities and has respect and admiration from the society. Consequently, they must be essentially great. Also within the character must be a spot or weakness that leads to a fall. Lastly, one is required to possess an element of paltry and redemption. Remorse and regret is a unavoidableness for ones wrong doings or deeds. Ones pays for their wrong doings because of affliction to find happiness and regrets for actions taken. therefrom they die heroically. In the play Macbeth this quality of a tragic hero is depicted though the character Macbeth.The quality ofa tragic hero in Macbeth is visualized first by his position in society and his establishment of greatness. Macbeth is appreciated as a noble character and endures a high rank in the country of Scotland. He aided King Duncan in several victorious battles and his ranking was change magnitude as a result of this. He was crowned Thane of Cawdor in addition to the Thane of Glamis. Macbeths position was also seen as high to the Scotish citizens because of his relation to the king. However, Macbeths prowess on the battlefield was great. Till he unseamed him from the nave to the chops, and fixed his head upon the battlements. (Act 1, Sc.2) And for his mastery he receives lavish praise in reports from the Captian and Ross, a Scotish Nobleman. As sparrows eagles, or the cony the lion. I must report they were as cannons overcharged with double cracks. (Act 1, Sc. 2) Macbeth is shown as extravagant on terms of what they say.He was also complemented several times by the Thane of Fife, Macduff. Furthermore, he was labelled several strong and brave animals on the battlefield, passim the play. These many assessments and evaluations contribute greatly towards Macbeths appearance as a hero. Macbeths relationship with his wife, brothel keeper Macbeth, also confirms his innate veraciousness and suggests well for him. dame Macbeth highly respects and admires her husband as the Thane of Cawdor and refers to him as my dearest partner of greatness. (Act 1, Sc.5) She endlessly demands that she understands Macbeth more than any other. This results in the others being expected to believe her. However, she ceaselessly declares that he is much too kind, Yet I do fear thy nature It is too full o the milk of human kindness (Act 1, Sc 5)Lady Macbeth acknowledges that he has competition but maintains that he lacks the evil that should attend it. Furthermore , Macbeth yearn for the crown but would as though he is locomote high on the crest of the wave and endures the potential to furthur but his stigma of incessant kindness prevents his yearning. It is those strong brave qualities that rise him high in not play foully for it. It is society and Lady Macbeth wishes he would apply them appropriatly. Their stable relationship is notwithstanding another feature that brings forth Macbeths potential. Despite Macbeths great potential he endures an overriding flaw that he constantly gives in to. This overbearing flaw is his excessive ambition. He wishes to only get the crown, but demands to do nothing to unfeignedly fulfill it.He refuses to kill his honey king Duncan. For he belives hetoo kind and nice a man to deserve such a punishment. Macbeth ab initio fights agianst his dark and evil impulses, but he evenutally surcomes to them. It was his wife, Lady Macbeth, who convinced Macbeth to obey his evil urges by her clever manipulation. Ho wever, Macbeths fall begins when he starts to doubt his untold mastery of the crown. What if we should fail? (Act 1, Sc. 7) It is the unpleasant deed of Duncans murder that stirs his mind. After his job of comitting the deed he shows immediate regret and sorrow for what he had done. Nevertheless, his fall is far from complete, it continues. His ambition takes reason prinsoner.Macbeths fall continues little by little when he curtly grasps the idea that he had not earned his yearning of the crown. We have scorched the snake, not killed it. (Act 3, Sc.2) at that place was solace a great problem. It was Banquo who would reieve hier to the throne before Macbeth. It was essiential, according to the witches, that he immediately kill Banquo and his descendants. At that demand, the deed was done. However, his attempted murder of Fleance, Banquos son, was not achieved. Consequently, a intonation begins in Macbeth. He is acknowledged as a orchestra pit-hound, butches, tyrant and a hell kite (Act 3). These were great turning point for Macbeth. For it is now his evil side that he obeys. He solely resolves his remorse by acting on his initial impulses. The very firstlings of my heart shall be the firstlings of my hand. (Act 4, Sc.1)Therefore, Macbeths habits became so terrible that he finally reaches his terminal ebb, the murders of the Macduffs. For he had no reason for their murders, it was simply an impulse that he immediately acted upon. He then caused Scotland suffering, famine, death and disease. This was so because of his absence seizure of the king becoming graces. Macbeth had now lost his good reputation. His declension was now complete. Macbeth, however, is shown throughout the play with an element of suffering and redemption. The murders that he comitted deeply cause this remorse and guilty conscience. In result, Macbeth is found unable to sleep, pray or even eat because of the murder of his beloved king Duncan. Methought I heard a voice cry Sleep no m oreMacbeth does murder sleep (Act 2, Sc.2) Macbeth is also seen a sense of remorse when he was found seeing the ghost of Banquo. He repetedly demanded that he did not murder him. This is a deep symptom of redemption.However, this sorrow does not compare to the large extent he receives of it towards the end of the play. He sees the future as pointless andunthrilling. He decides that his life is not worth living. I have lived retentive enough. (Act 5, Sc.4) He is in complete despair. He soon realizes that there is nothing fo rim but curses, mouth-honor and breath. However, there is an element of self-knowledge. He recognized that he legitimate his yearning, the crown, but it did not bring him happiness. His life becomes completely meaningless when his wife, Lady Macbeth, dies. Macbeth had lost everything and everyone who was important to him. He is alone and alienated. Despite his lonliness and shame, he still has a conscience. long-suffering the strength he has, he does not quit. He continuously falls back on the hopefull predictions of the witches.Be bloody, bold, and resolute trick to scorn the power of man, for none of woman born shall harm Macbeth. (Act 4, Sc.1) He deeply relies on this apparition, which makes him feel invinsible, until he soon finds out that Macduff was not technically born of woman. Macduff was from his mothers womb prematurely ripped. (Act 5, Sc.6) For now Macbeth could be easily defeated. From this he is paying for his sins and regreat. Even when the last prop of life is removed, he fights. He decides he will not play the unsafe Roman fool. So, he does fight bravely and heroically. His wounds were to the front ,theredore he was not killed running away from death. He was killed fighting. Tragedy fell only upon Macbeth because of his inner most yearnings, to be king.However, he would not have been considered a tragic hero without his admiration, flaw and redemption. These are all parts of the long downfall in which he endured. His l ife became tragic just to be king. Even when he received his wish he was not happy. He had too much guilt and regret to continue. His life was no agelong worth living. So, he fought to the bitter end and died heroism.Say not in grief he is no more, but live in thankfulness that he was. Today, I stand before a nation in mourning, grieving the passing of its King, Macbeth. He shall surely be remembered in history as a noble and courageous soldier and leader who fought with a fierce patriotism and belief in Scotland. Although his reign was not trouble-free or lengthy, Macbeth, a tragic hero who inspired a unique and individual pride in his country. Scotland has lost a distinctive and peerless leader and those of us who knew him personally are now without a friend whose character shall always be remembered.What can I say about Macbeth? If there is one term commendable of Macbeth, it is bravery. No greater man have I had the privilege to charge into battle with, side by side, his coura ge not only fueled mine, but the rest of the army with it. Macbeth was always courageous, his bravery in battle was evident to all, He was a shining light , seizing opportunities in the bleakest of times and setting an worthy example to his troops, who knew him as valours minion. it would be hard for many to forget his daring and fearless attitude, particularly not on the day he defeated Swenos Norwegian invasion and Macdonwald, the rebellious Thane of Cawdor.I termed him Bellonas bridegroom for his ferocious and splendid skill, and when Duncan was informed of Cawdors treachery, he saw Macbeth as deserving a higher(prenominal) status, proclaiming that what the former Thane of Cawdor hath lost, noble Macbeth hath won. All will acknowledge he deserved such a status, for he fought with a stubborn determination that would never surrender, and no matter how many invaders flooded our shores, he never ceased to meet them with unforgiving steel.Macbeth represented the nubble in strong and courageous leadership. This is what his constant legacy to those who fought along with him would feel and perhaps, he had his flaws but what human does not? No matter what, Macbeth always had the will to achieve greatness, and that he did.Macbeth carried over his admirable battle qualities to his personal life, but brought none of the violence. Indeed, Duncan detect that his castle hath a pleasant seat, and Lady Macbeth remarked to me on several occasions that although her husband was seen by some as a warrior, he was nonetheless full o the milk of human kindness. I can attest to the truth in this education as could many others seated here today, though it is with profound regret that we can all see evidence of how this kind nature was abused.Few are cognisant of the significant influence his now deceased wife had upon him, and in his devotion, he would adjudicate her confidence and advice when contemplating options and making decisions. Though this may have led to fault, it al so meant the Macbeths shared a strong bond, a quality both of them treasured. Together, they were gracious hosts, renowned amongst other noble familiesfor their much-anticipated banquets. If ever there was an enjoyable social event, Macbeth was sure to be the unparalleled host.Even in the last moments of his life, Macbeths courage and spirit remained as valiant as ever, in the face of death he declared, Yet I will try the last. Before my body I throw my warlike shield. Lay onMacbeth was so a fearsome soldier and a deer friend, however evidence shows that his good will and trust was unfortunately taken advantage of. It is said, that had been effected by sources beyond his control, clouding him from Gods watch and leading him to his own tragic demise. Indeed his fascination with the supernatural caused much distress. There were whispers of witchcraft and the supernatural, and I would not have believed it had I not witnessed with my own two eyes the affects these forces had on Macbe th. At one of his renowned banquets.What is done is done, whats done cannot be undone. The Macbeth that died yesterday really wasnt the Macbeth from even a couple of months ago. This was a different Macbeth, one that had been effected by sources beyond his control, Macbeth was disturbed by the witches. We shall remember him as how he was and not how he came to be.. Macbeth is a great loss indeed, however a death is not the extinguishing of a light, but the putting out of the lamp because the dawn has come.